Introduction

• abnormality defined
• grounding framework
  (burnout - actualization continuum: burnout, overtraining, staleness, slumps < - > actualization)

• history of research
• operational definition of burnout, lack of agreement
• components of burnout syndrome, -> no clear antecedents/etiology
• dropout - burnout as only 1 possible determinant of dropout
• measures - subjective and objective

• stress as defined in abnormal psychology -> effect on burnout
  • chronic stress -> decomposition
  • vulnerability to stressors
    • nature of stressor
    • perception of stressor (PTSS, panic response, GAS)
    • external resources
  • response to stress
  • link between abnormal psychology models of stress/burnout and sport psychology models of stress/burnout
• Smith (1986) cognitive-affective model of burnout
• maladaptive reaction to training:
  • Henschen (1986) - definition of slump
  • Silva (1990) - Training Stress Syndrome (definitions of staleness, overtraining, burnout)
• Schmidt and Stein (1991) - Commitment Model

• define retroactive interventions, advantages & disadvantages
• intervention along burnout continuum
• intervention using Smith's cognitve-affective model
• criticisms of retroactive interventions:
  • cognitive reappraisal (assumption that all anxiety/fear irrational)
  • retroactive approach in general (can promote negative spiral in elite athlete)

• most literature and coaching programs focus on retroactive
• definition of proactive approach
• definition of prevention
• egalitarian empowering approach

• step1) define task (mental, physiological, environmental)
  step2) hypothesize how to accomplish task via Smith's & ABCE models
• coaches influence over athlete by definition
• sport psychology interventions in infancy, especially for elite

• Burnout in Elite Athletes- report