Gleitman: Introductory Psychology Text - Full Contents -
part1 ACTION (overt behavior and its physiological basis) How do humans act?
biological basis of behavior
motivation
learning
part2 COGNITION (knowledge and how it is gained and used) How do humans know?
sensory processes
perception
memory
thinking
cognition and development
  • language
  • motor
part3 SOCIAL BEHAVIOR (our interactions with others) How do humans interact?
biological basis of social behavior
the individual and society:
  • psychodynamics
  • social cognition and emotion
social interaction
part4 DEVELOPMENT How do humans develop?
physical and cognitive development
social development
part5 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES How do humans differ from one another?
intelligence: its nature and measurement
personality:
  • assessment and trait approach
  • psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic approaches
psychopathology:
  • its nature and assessment
  • treatment of psychopathology
part6 STATISTICS
collection, organization and interpretation of data

FULL CONTENTS

ACTION
ch2) Biological Basis of Behavior
Organism as Machine
  • Descartes and the reflex concept | the basic nervous system functions: reception, integration, reaction
Nerve Cell and Nerve Impulse
  • the neuron | the electric activity of the neuron
Interaction among Nerve Cells
  • the reflex | inferring the synapse | the synaptic mechanism
Interaction through the Bloodstream: The Endocrine System
Main Structures of the Nervous System
  • evolution of central control | peripheral and central nervous systems | hierarchical function in the nervous system
Cerebral Cortex
  • projection areas | association areas | one brain or two? | recovery from brain injury
Some Problems in Localizing Brain Function
  • what is the psychological function? | who's in charge?

ch3) Motivation
Motivation as Direction
  • control systems
Self-Regulation
  • homeostasis | temperature regulation
Thirst
  • volume receptors | osmoreceptors
Hunger
  • signals for feeding | hypothalamic control centers | food selection | obesity | anorexia and bulimia
Fear and Rage
  • threat and the autonomic nervous system | disruptive effects of autonomic arousal
Sleep and Waking
  • waking | sleep
What Different Motives Have in Common
  • level of stimulation | drugs and addiction | opponent-process theory of motivation | biology of reward | nature of motives

ch4) Learning
Habituation
Classic Conditioning
  • Pavlov and the conditioned reflex | major phenomenon of classical conditioning | extensions of classical conditioning
Instrumental Conditioning
  • Thorndike and the Law of Effect | Skinner and Operant Behaviour | major phenomenon of instrumental conditioning
Cognitive learning
  • cognitive view of classical conditioning | cognitive view of instrumental conditioning | biological constraints of learning
Complex Cognition of Animals
  • cognitive maps | insightful behavior


COGNITION
ch5) Sensory Processes
Origins of Knowledge
  • Empiricist view | Nativist rejoiner
Psychophysics
  • measuring sensory intensity | detection and decision
Sensory Coding
Overview of Senses
  • kinesthesis and the vestibular senses } skin senses | sense of taste | sense of smell | hearing | senses: common principles
Vision
  • the stimulus: light | gathering the stimulus: the eye | visual receptors | interaction in time: adaptation | interaction in space: contrast | color | physiological basis of color vision

ch6) Perception
Problem of Perception
Perception and Depth: Where Is It?
  • binocular cues | monocular cues | perception of depth through motion | innate factors in depth perception
Perception of Movement: What Is It Doing?
  • illusions of movement | perceived stability
Form Perception: What Is It?
  • recognizing the elements of form | perceptual segregation | pattern recognition
Perceptual Problem Solving
  • creating new patterns | perceptual hypothesis | logic of perception | when logic fails: impossible figures
Perceptual Selection: Attention
  • selection by physical orientation | central selection
Perception of Reality
  • empiricism and nativism revisited | lightness constancy | size and shape constancy | inappropriate compensation and illusions
Representation of Reality in Art
  • seeing and knowing | Renaissance: scenes through a window frame | Impressionists: how a scene is perceived | Moderns: how a scene is conceived

ch7) Memory
Studying Memory
Encoding
  • Stage Theory of memory | a changed emphasis: active memory and organization
Retrieval
  • relation between original encoding and retrieval | elaborative rehearsal | memory search | implicit memory | retrieval from active memory
Conceptual Frameworks and Remembering
  • memory distortions | limits of memory | limits of distortion
Varieties of Long-term Memory
  • generic memory | visual memory
Forgetting
  • theories of forgetting | when forgetting seems not to occur
Disordered Memories
  • anterograde amnesia | retrograde amnesia | explicit and implicit memory revisited
Taking Stock

ch8) Thinking
Components of Thought
  • mental imagery | abstract elements
Problem Solving
  • hierarchical organization and chunking obstacles to problem solving | overcoming obstacles to solution | restructuring
Artificial Intelligence: Problem Solving by Computer
  • algorithms and heuristics | some limitation of artificial intelligence
Special Thinking
  • spacial problem solving and imagery | is spacial knowledge visual?
Reasoning and Decision Making
  • deductive reasoning | inductive reasoning | decision making | are people really irrational?
A backward Look a Perception, Memory, and Thinking

ch9) Language
Major Properties of Human Language
  • language is creative | language is structured | language is meaningful | language is referential | language is interpersonal
Structure of Language
  • phonemes | morphemes and words | phrases and sentences
Linguistic Hierarchy and Meaning
  • meaning of words | organizing words into meaningful sentences
Comprehension
  • sentence analyzing machinery | interaction of syntax and semantics
Growth of Language in the Child
  • problem of language learning | is language learning the acquisition of a skill?
Language Development
  • social origins of speech production | discovering the forms of language | the one-word speaker | the two-word (telegraphic) speaker | later stages of language learning: syntax | further stages of language learning: word meaning
Language Learning in Changed Environments
  • wild children | isolated children | language without sound | language without a model | children deprived of access to some of the meanings | case of Helen Keller
Language Learning with Changed Endowments
  • critical period hypothesis | language in nonhumans
Language and Its Learning

SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
ch10) The Biological Basis of Social Behavior
Social Nature of Humans and Animals
  • natural selection and survival | built-in social behaviors
Biological Sources of Aggression
  • conflict between species: predation and defense | conflict between like and like
Biological Basis of Love: the Male-Female Bond
  • sexual behavior | sexual choice | reproduction and timing | evolution and mating systems
Biological Basis of Love: the Parent-Child Bond
  • infant's attachment to mother | mother's attachment to infant
Communicating Motives
  • expressive movements: animal display | expression and emotions in humans | difference between display and language
Self-Sacrifice and Altruism
  • altruism in animals | altruism in humans
Ethology and Human Nature
The Individual and Society
ch11) Psychoanalysis
Origins of Psychoanalytical Thought
  • hysteria and hypnosis | resistance and repression
Unconscious Conflict
  • antagonists of inner conflict | nature of unconscious conflict | origins of unconscious conflict | windows into the unconscious
Reexamination of Freudian Theory
  • testing Freud's theories of repression and defense | problems of Freud's dream theory | biology or culture? | critiques of Freud's theories of development
Freud's Contributions in Retrospect

ch12) Social Cognition and Emotion
Social Cognition and Social Reality
  • interpersonal nature of belief | social comparison | cognitive processes and belief
Attitudes
  • attitudes and behavior | attitude change | attitude stability
Perceiving Others
  • forming impressions | impressions of others as patterns | impressions of others as cognitive constructions | impression management
Attribution
  • attribution as a rational process | errors in attribution process
Perceiving Oneself
  • the self concept and others | self-perception and attribution
Emotion: Perceiving One's Own Inner States
  • James-Lange theory | Cognitive Arousal theory of emotion | complex emotions | emotion and the theater
Taking Stock
Social Interaction
ch13) Social Interaction
Relating to Others: One-to-One Interactions
  • social exchange | reciprocity | altruism | attraction | love
Social Influence: Many-on-One Interactions
  • social facilitation: social influence by mere presence | conformity | blind obedience | social impact theory
Crowd Behavior: Many-on-many Interactions
  • deindividuation and crowd behavior | cognitive factors and the panicky crowd | cognitive factors and the hostile crowd
Generality of Social Psychology

DEVELOPMENT
ch14) Physical and Cognitive Development
What is Development?
  • development as differentiation | development as growth | development as orderly progression
Physical Basis of Development
  • mechanism of genetic transmission | environments at different points in development | environment and maturation
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
  • sensory-motor intelligence | preoperational period | concrete and formal operations
Perception and Motor Action in Infancy
  • links between eye and ear | perception of objects
Preschooler and the Stage Concept
  • the meaning of mental stage | the question of consistency | the question of discreteness | sequence or stages?
Causes of Cognitive Growth
  • Nativist approach: maturation | Empiricist approach: specific learning | Piaget's approach: assimilation and accommodation | Information-processing approach: chunking and strategies
Cognitive Development from a Cross-Cultural Perspective
Taking Stock

ch15) Social Development
Attachment
  • roots of attachment | separation and loss | how crucial is early experience?
Childhood Socialization
  • cultural values and child rearing mechanisms of socialization | patterns of child rearing | child's effect on parents
Development of Morality
  • not doing wrong | doing good | moral reasoning
Development of Sex and Gender
  • gender roles | constitutional factors and sex differences | social factors and sex differences | theories of gender typing | sexual orientation
Development After Childhood
  • adolescence | adulthood

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
ch16) Intelligence: Its Nature and Measurement
Mental Tests
  • study of variance | evaluating mental tests | using tests for selection
Intelligence testing
  • measuring intelligence | area of application: mental retardation
Psychometric Approach to Intelligence
  • structure of mental abilities | intelligence and age
Information-Processing Approach to Intelligence
  • simple cognitive correlates | complex cognitive correlates | strategies and intellectual functioning
Nature, Nurture, and IQ
  • some political issues | genetic factors | environment factors | heritability | group differences in IQ
Personality
ch17) Assessment and Trait Approach
Methods of Assessment
  • structured personality tests | unstructured personality tests
Trait Theory
  • the search for the right taxonomy
Traits versus Situations
  • difficulties of trait theory | in defense of traits | interaction between person and situation | consistency as a trait | person constancy
Traits and Biology
  • personality and temperament | personality and the genes | personality and physiological arousal

ch18) Psychodynamic, Behavioral, and Humanistic approaches
Psychodynamic Approach
  • personality structure and development: the Freudian account | personality and patterns of defense: psychoanalysis after Freud
Behavioral Approaches to Personality
  • radical behaviorism | social learning theory
Humanist Approach
  • major features of the humanist movement | evaluating the humanist movement
Taking Stock
Psychopathology
ch19) Psychopathology
Different Conceptions of Madness
  • insanity as demonic possession | insanity as a disease
Pathology Model
  • subcategories of the pathology model | mental disorder a pathology | classifying mental disorders | explaining disorder: diathesis, stress, and pathology
Schizophrenia
  • symptoms | subcategories of schizophrenia | search for the underlying pathology | more remote causes of schizophrenia | pathology model and schizophrenia
Mood Disorders
  • symptom pattern | organic factors | psychogenic factors | mood disorders and the diathesis-stress conception
Anxiety Disorders
  • phobias | obsessive-compulsive disorders | generalized anxiety disorders | panic disorder | anxiety disorders and the pathology model
Conversions and Dissociative Disorders
  • conversion disorders | dissociative disorders | factors that underlie conversions and dissociative conditions
Psychophysiological disorders
  • essential hypertension | coronary heart disease | diathesis-stress concept and psychophysiological disorders
Categorical Review
Sociological Critique of the Pathology Model
  • what society does to those it calls mad | whom does society call mad? | social deviance | some contributions of labeling theory
Scope of Psychopathology

ch20) Treatment of Psychopathology
Somatic Therapies
  • drug therapies | other somatic therapies
Psychotherapy
  • classical psychoanalysis | modern versions of psychoanalysis | behavior therapy | cognitive-behavioral therapies | humanistic therapies | some common themes
Evaluating Therapeutic Outcome
  • does psychotherapy work? | comparing different therapies
Extensions of Psychotherapy
  • group therapy | marital and family therapy } expansion of therapeutic goals
Century of Therapy

STATISTICS
Statistics: The Collection, Organization, and Interpretation of Data
Describing the Data
  • categorical and ordinal scales | interval scales | ratio scales
Collecting the Data
  • experiment | observational studies | case study
Selecting the Subjects
  • sample and population | random and stratified samples | sampling responses
Organizing the Data: Descriptive Statistics
  • frequency distribution | measures of central tendency measures of variability | converting scores to compare them | normal distribution
Describing the Relationship between Two Variables: Correlation
  • positive and negative correlation | correlation coefficient | interpreting and misinterpreting correlations
Interpreting Data: Inferential Statistics
  • accounting for variability | hypothesis testing | some implications of statistical inference
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